[34], During U-99's first four patrols, Kretschmer commenced attacking convoys at night on the surface, sinking merchant ships with highly accurate shots, using only one torpedo per target ship; the quote "one torpedo one ship" is attributed to Kretschmer around this time. Read more: Devon father and son inspired Hollywood film after disappearing searching for lost city of Z. Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 - 5 August 1998) was a German naval officer and submariner in World War II and the Cold War. Kretschmer was also involved in the Battle of Bowmanville. Hitler invited Kretschmer to sit in on a lunch meeting with Hitler and Vyacheslav Molotov, the Soviet Union's ambassador to the Third Reich. The people were all seated at their tables in the dining room and COOPER was table-hopping to make sure that everything was going well. He died in 1998 in Bavaria. [22], U-23 departed from Kiel on 8 January 1940 for its sixth war patrol and Schnee had been replaced by Oberleutnant zur See Hans-Dietrich von Tiesenhausen. Paterson: Kretschmer was the most successful U-boat captain of the Second World War, and the term 'scoring' relates to the total tonnage of shipping that he sank while commander of both U23 and U99. OTTO KRETSCHMER was almost lost in this actionA firm, almost hard-headed man, KRETSCHMER firmly DIS-believed the old sailors story that a sinking ship will create a suction that will pull down anyone in the water so as his U-99 was going down, OTTO stood at attention on the bridge and his boat sank out from under him; So you see, Harry, he told HARRY COOPER (1-LIFE-1983), I did not desert my ship! The crew felt that this would bring them good luck so they cleaned the horseshoe, painted it gold and screwed it to the fairweather as we see in the photo to the right. This was not OTTO KRETSCHMER! Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. [6], Following his journey on Emden, Kretschmer attended a naval infantry course for cadets at Stralsund (5 January31 March 1932), before starting with the main cadet course at the Naval Academy Mrwik on 1 April 1932, including his first U-boat course at Mrwik (25 September 1 October 1933). Prien's demise was not disclosed. He was transported to the London Cage, a facility for MI19 to hold valuable enemy prisoners. On 4 October 1939 he sank the coastal ship Glen Farg (876GRT). The Greatest Submarine Commander of all time was Lothar von Arnaud de la Perrier who sank nearly 200 ships in World War One. OTTO knew that the battleship was in this protected harbor, but he felt that a small boat, like his Type II-B, could penetrate the narrow entrance, make a successful attack and withdraw safely. While Kretschmer was discharging his responsibilities for the operational readiness of the deck gun, Rsing dived the ship, leaving Kretschmer stranded in the freezing water. [49], In November and December 1940 U-99 sank three British armed merchant cruisers (AMC), HMS Laurentic, HMS Patroclus and HMSForfar. Kretschmer also favoured surfaced attacks as opposed to the recommended submerged engagement, listing 11 Points of Submarine Warfare: [16], The 'one torpedo, one ship' tactics implemented by Kretschmer resulted in a very effective usage of torpedoes, as each attack was designed to maximize the chances of a hit. [19] A second patrol (921 September) yielded no success either. Geleitgeschwader (1st Escort Squadron) which he commanded from 3 January to 15 October 1957. Later that year, he had a lucky escape which almost cost him his life. Prien's reports were picked up by the Luftwaffe which sent Focke-Wulf Fw 200s from I. Gruppe of Kampfgeschwader 40 (KG4040th Bomber Wing) to attack the convoy. The U-boot commanded by Kapitnleutnant Kretschmer has sunk the two British auxiliary cruisers H.M.S. 176 men died. [20], On 18 February, Kretschmer sank the 1,300 ton British fleet destroyer Daring off the Pentland Firth while she was escorting convoy HN12 from Norway. [71] Winston Churchill disclosed the capture of Kretschmer to the House of Commons on 21 March. During this command, he was promoted to Kapitn zur See (captain at sea/captain) on 12 December 1958. Kretschmer stated that he was unmarried. In addition, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern) on 26 December 1941. The presentation was made by Dnitz following his return to Lorient. "He prided himself on being able to take advantage of whatever the passing moment offered and made no elaborate plans for attacking convoys. Immediate Family: Son of Otto Friedrich Kretschmer and Auguste Johanna Bertha Kretschmer. He went on to sink almost 280,000 tons of Allied shipping to become Germany's most successful U-boat captain of the war. A high achiever at school, he wanted nothing more than to join the navy, but he was not old enough upon leaving at the age of 17. One morning on the breakfast patio at the KRETSCHMER home, OTTO was reading his newspaper while Mrs. Kretschmer and COOPER talked over breakfast tea. The boat went to the yard for repairs and OTTO left no doubt that he wanted his boat and his crew back at sea in the shortest possible time. The 28-ship convoy was poorly defended by a destroyer and a corvette. Kretschmer indulged in sporting pastimes and scientific interests. Out of the stormy night, Schnee spotted another submarine close at hand and he ordered an ALARM dive! We will tell you accurately; How it was almost KRETSCHMER who sank HMS ROYAL OAK; OTTO KRETSCHMER got his first command; the Type II-B coastal boat (dugout canoe), U-23. He then moved to a Realgymnasium (secondary school). HARRY COOPER was contacted by OTTOs wife very soon after the accident that took his life. After fully resting and cleaning up, KRETSCHMER was invited by MacIntyre to play bridge..with officers of some of the merchant ships that OTTO had just sunk! He wants to be a naval officer.". Kretschmer sank six and disabled a seventh. [9], On 27 August 1941, U-570 was captured by the Royal Navy. While his wartime actions have been narrated several times, his tactics, summarized by the famous motto 'one torpedo, one ship', have never been systematically analysed. They fought Canadian troops armed with ice hockey sticks, and only surrendered when the guards brought in high-pressure water hoses. The crew abandoned ship and were questioned by Kretschmer. [53] Upon reaching port, he was summoned to Berlin to meet Erich Raeder. As always you can unsubscribe at any time. They opened the drain valve to drain the flooded conning tower into the Zentralle but only a small amount of water came through. Or by navigating to the user icon in the top right. Three of his men were lost, but Kretschmer and the remainder of U-99's crew were captured. A fall caused fatal injuries. The short range of the Type II submarine allowed for operations in the North Sea, but no further. Register to receive personalised research and resources by email. Kretschmer formed part of "Crew 30" (the incoming class of 1930), 78strong intake of officer candidates. This stay was interrupted for an aerial defense training course at Warnemnde (510 March 1934). The ship was loaded with coal, set for Buenos Aires, Argentina. Otto Kretschmer (Straubing, 1912. mjus 1. Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: One Torpedo, One Ship: An appraisal of Otto Kretschmers U-boat tactics, 19391941, /doi/full/10.1080/00253359.2021.1898209?needAccess=true. [Note 1] There, he became inspection group leader at the acceptance organization. [20] Another neutral Scandinavian ship was sunk. a legeredmnyesebb nmet tengeralattjr-parancsnok volt a msodik vilghborban. The OKM was established as the supreme command of the navy responsible for all facets of naval warfare. She was launched on 12 March 1940 under the command of Korvettenkapitn Otto Kretschmer and was assigned to the 7th U-boat Flotilla based in Kiel and later in St Nazaire . On 1 June 1965, he was promoted to Flottillenadmiral (flotilla admiral/Commodore/Rear Admiral), a rank which he initially held on probation. OTTO peered over the top of his newspaper and said;Juli is happy. The British report noted of Kretschmer, "His political views were less extremely Nazi than had been assumed. It is well known that this was the nickname of OTTO KRETSCHMER, but there are several explanations given as to how he came by this nickname most of them incorrect. He was eventually promoted to the rank of flotilla admiral, before becoming chief-of-staff of the NATO command. This third patrol on U-99, took the boat into the North Atlantic, into the North Channel and west of Ireland. He hand signed some of our very rare fine art prints. [14] U-35 returned to Germany after an uneventful patrol during which no ships were sunk. [77] Kretschmer was senior officer at the camp. [34] His greatest success was the sinking of Auckland Star, a 13,212GRT ship on 28 July followed by another two totalling 12,811GRT on 29 and 31 July. It was so aggressive, one British admiral thought he had surfaced there by mistake. The German crew failed to sink the stationary vessel with torpedoes while the weather ruled out the use of the gun. Throughout the rest of 1940, he enjoyed startling success, becoming something of a celebrity in the navy and one of Germany's most successful captains. Exhausted and unable to move, OTTO ordered one of his men to go back over the side, into the cold sea, and retrieve his cap from the water. Pyers Symon. From September 1939 to March 1941, Germany's Otto Kretschmer terrorised Allied shipping on the high seas. The crew remained in lifeboats nearby for reboarding once the attack was over. German aircraft bombed and sank it three days later. Kretschmer was presented with an opportunity to put his "one torpedo, one ship" mantra into practice. It was not this way with, . Kretschmer attempted to sink the ship with gunfire, but return fire and the appearance of an aircraft forced him to submerge. I gratefully acknowledge the help of Marianna Colasuonno for patiently reading the manuscript and providing valuable suggestions throughout the drafting of this paper. The Norwegian Varild 1,085GRT was sunk east of the Shetland Islands. Comes with leather case and all lens protectors.- 3) Swift Falcon wide angle fully coated optics. . Although he fought doggedly for Nazi Germany during the war, his affection for Exeter remained with him until his death. The photo above right of KRETSCHMER carrying flowers and a booklet was on the occasion of the dedication of the Kretschmer March. Kretschmer joined the German navy at eighteen years of age, which is interesting since many young, German men avoided service in the navy. Otto Kretschmer was the most successful U-boat commander of the Second World War. He then ordered the merchant Skipper to put everyone back aboard then gave him a course to steer for one of the German bases on the French coast, and ordered the merchant Skipper to surrender the ship to the harbor authorities there. , 4,996GRT, was sunk on 22 February. Luckily for him, his absence on the bridge was noted and the boat surfaced again to find him bobbing about in the water. Rsing brought his own watch officer, and Kretschmer was demoted to second watch officer. 702. The German invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939 began the war in Europe. He was rushed to a nearby hospital in Mnchen but it was to no avail. Almost every U-Boat had one or more emblems PAINTED on their conning tower fairweather. At the Indienststellung (commissioning) of U-99. Kretschmer sank all but one of the ships lost by the convoy. From September 1939 until his capture in March 1941 he sank 44 ships, including one warship, a total of 274,333 tons. OTTOs New Boat, the Type VII-B boat U-99. In his bunk, OTTO felt the sharp downward angle of the boat and was immediately on his feet as the bridge watch tumbled past him all by Schnee, and now green water was flooding through the open hatch from the Zentralle to the conning tower. On 3 August 1998, they were on a luxury cruise boat on the Donau (Danube) River celebrating their 50th (Golden) wedding anniversary. Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? [37] After sinking Magogthe submarine's first victimKretschmer gave the crew a bottle of brandy and directions to Ireland. [78] Kretschmer was also involved in a second illegal court of honour hearing against the commander of U-501. There were two reasons for this; He was tough but he had a heart and was chivalrous as well. He was the fifth member of the German armed forces to be so honored. Two men were killed in the attack and being the only one aboard fluent in English, he took the Morse lamp and made his famous signal to HMS WALKER; Captain to Captain; please help my men in the water. He was the best of the best he knew how to penetrate a destroyer screen and because he had lived in England and studied at Cambridge prior to the war, he read the English and French tactical books on anti-submarine warfare in the captured French HQ in Brest he knew what depth settings the Royal Navy used and so he kept his boat at depths they did not set on their charges. Upon the death of Kptlt. His nickname Silent Otto referred to his ability to remain undetected and his reluctance to provide the regular radio reports required by Dnitz: he had guessed that the Allies had broken German codes. The docking fenders are being lowered at the sides of the boat while approaching the dock. [20] On his fifth patrol (515 December) he was ordered to explore the inner waters around the Orkney Islands and engage any remaining Home Fleet units that had departed from Scapa Flow in the aftermath of Gnther Prien's attack. For this he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords, among other awards. OTTO and his wife were already in the dining room. [9][33] After two months' training and shakedown manoeuvres in German waters, Kretschmer took the boat into action on 18 June 1940. As the passengers got into the lifeboats, OTTO noticed a great number of women and children. [21] He returned to Kiel, rather than Wilhelmshaven, on 16 October. But Canadian intelligence had cracked their code in Red Cross letters, and the police seized them before their breakout. [79], In 1943, the German navy tried to rescue him in Operation Kiebitz but that daring plan (later dramatized in the novel The Bowmanville Break and the film, The McKenzie Break) failed. Brother of Cecilie Hulda Kretschmer; Ernest Gustav Albert Kretschmer; Bertha Bianca Kretschmer and Carl Theodor Otto Kretschmer. Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 - 5 August 1998) was a German naval officer and submariner in World War II and the Cold War. that he must not dive the boat under any circumstances; and he went to sleep. When asked, JOSEF Jupp KASSEL (790-1988) he proudly said;I was Otto Kretschmers radioman!. [70], Kretschmer and his crew were landed in Liverpool. [21] The next day, he sank Tiberton, 5,225GRT, in the Moray Firth. In this work, Kretschmers success is appraised through the analysis of the key characteristics of his attacks, and the conditions of the battlefield in which he operated. Otto Kretschmer was one of the most successful U-boat commander in World War II. As they were going below, OTTO slipped and fell down the stairwell, striking his head. For this he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords, among other awards. The skilled U-Boat captain sank more than 40 ships with a combined weight of over a quarter of a million tons during his reign or terror, earning the nickname 'Silent Otto' from his adversaries for his skill in stalking his prey. The renaming of the navy was a symbolic gesture, to erase the unpleasant memories of the 1920s and symbolise a new era. 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[25] The Norwegian Fredville, only 1,150GRT was sunk on 11 January 1940 without warning. U-99 was one of the most successful German U-boats in the war, sinking 38 ships for a total tonnage of 244,658 gross register tons (GRT) of Allied shipping in eight patrols. The ship did not reach port. Seeing that the boat was still diving and the hatch beneath him to the Zentralle had slammed shut, Schnee had the presence of mind to close and secure the hatch above him to the bridge, thus saving the boat and himself. [39], Among the victims was the Estonian ship, Merisaar, 2,126GRT. Three days later he departed for his seventh war patrol. Kretschmer continued to search for stragglers and found SS Holmlea. On seeing the craters of a stick of bombs near Buckingham Palace he was genuinely shocked that an attempt had so obviously been made by his countrymen to bomb the Palace. The attack was conducted with no warning, and consequently all 15 crewmen died. OTTO KRETSCHMER and Sharkhunters President HARRY COOPER (1-LIFE-1983) were close friends, and when COOPER asked him why there were no photos of him with the traditional White Cap, OTTO explained he said;The white hat was not issue, it was tradition but not regulation and I am a Prussian officer. He sank four ships and damaged three. From September 1939 until his surrender in March 1941, he sank 44 ships, including one warship, a total of 274,333 tons. [64] Four ships were sunk, but two U-boats were sunk, one of which was U-47. During this time, he developed his own theory about submarine warfare. He participated in the 2nd officers training course held at the former NS-Ordensburg Sonthofen. I obey the rules. He sank another vessel on his fifth patrol to earn the Iron Cross first class, and he notched up further kills as the war progressed. For this he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords, among other awards. Leather strap partially torn from case.- 2) Tasco 7x35 fully coated 304. He became known as the Golden Horseshoe by his men. Kretschmer captured the vessel, the only such ship seized by U-99. Kretschmer's thoughts on Hitler and the subsequent conference are not known. The first watch is at attention on the foredeck and the second watch is at attention on the after deck. One may read of all the great accomplishments by this outstanding gentleman in many places some accurate, some merely hoping they are close to being accurate and on some forums just plain fantasy. [2] In the aftermath of World War I the Kretschmer family remained aloof from the political turbulence of the Weimar era. 12 ships were sunk in total. On 19 March 1934, his stay on Deutschland ended and he was transferred to the light cruiser Kln (20 March 26 September 1934). Only five of the 161-strong crew survived. It was almost this little boat under command of OTTO KRETSCHMER that sank HMS ROYAL OAK. I am sunking. Yep Sunking is the word he used. Suddenly one of the men spotted him and yelled the alarm and Captain MacIntyre stopped the ship. One did escape, but he was apprehended at the meeting point while the U-boat he was due to meet fled with Allied ships in hot pursuit. He then sank the 5,200-ton cargo ship Tiberton the Loch Maddy, weighing 5,000 tons. He fired a single torpedo that missed before he lost the ship in thick mist. Under heavy fire and wit no hope of escape, he loaded his men into life rafts and evacuated U-99 before scuttling it. He was upset, but he was a proper officer and obeyed his orders. He rode his luck at times though - once his boat was badly damaged by a German plane which thought he was an Allied submarine. German propagandists feared the triple loss might be too damaging to morale. In 1955, Sir Donald McIntyre returned Kretschmer's binoculars, which he had kept in 1941. In December 1934, he was transferred to the light cruiser Kln, then in January 1936 made the move to the fledgling U-boat service. Lawrence Paterson has spent many years researching aspects of German naval operations and has written more than ten books on various aspects of the Kriegsmarein, including Schnellboote and Hitler's Forgotten Flotillas. "Silent Otto" Kretschmer circled the lifeboat in the submarine and noted the name faintly painted out on the bow. [13], He was given interim command of U-35 in August 1937, and this appointment coincided with Germany's involvement in the Spanish Civil War. [43] Following his third war patrol with U-99, Kretschmer was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) on 4 August. This definitive work details his personal story and the political backdrop from his earliest days. We will cover his accomplishments on another page. Kretschmer ordered his U-boat to be turned around, and they rescued the lone sailor. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. Patroclus of 11.314 brt as well as the armed Britsish merchantman Casanare of 5.376 brt. Kretschmer and U-23 had departed from Wilhelmshaven on 25 August, one week before the start of World War II. When giving their wartime histories, the normal U-Bootfahrer would tell what boat he rode. My family is complete.. [18] On 16 January 1962, Kretschmer was appointed head of the department for naval task force training and naval tactics with the Fhrungsstab der Marine (Navy Staff) with the Federal Ministry of Defence. In the Atlantic, Kretschmer became bolder and bolder. Kapitnleutnant Kretschmer, November 1940 (March 12, 2021) This week, 80 years ago, U-99, skippered by Otto Kretschmer, one of Germany's most famous U-boat commanders, had just fired the last of her torpedoes, when she was spotted by British destroyers southeast of Iceland in the North Atlantic. 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The Shetland Islands Kretschmer sank all but one of the Shetland Islands citations.Articles with Crossref! 25 ] the Norwegian Fredville, only 1,150GRT was sunk on 11 January 1940 without.... 14 ] U-35 returned to Germany after an uneventful patrol during which no ships sunk... 921 September ) yielded no success either 's crew were captured Squadron which... Auguste Johanna Bertha Kretschmer the Moray Firth lifeboats nearby for reboarding once the attack conducted... The 5,200-ton cargo ship Tiberton the Loch Maddy, weighing 5,000 tons Kretschmer, `` his political were. Berlin to meet Erich Raeder facets of naval warfare s Otto Kretschmer was demoted to second watch at. Damaging to morale the police seized them before their breakout II submarine allowed operations. Tons of Allied shipping to become Germany 's most successful U-boat captain the! Below, Otto slipped and fell down the stairwell, striking his head the German invasion of Poland 1. There, he became known as the supreme command of the most successful U-boat of... Forces to be turned around, and the police seized them before their breakout initially held on probation his. Was rushed to a Realgymnasium ( secondary school ) on to sink almost 280,000 tons of shipping... Patrol on U-99, took the boat into the North Channel and west of.! All but one of which was U-47 had one or more emblems PAINTED on their conning tower into the but! Offered and made no elaborate plans for attacking convoys sank Tiberton, 5,225GRT, in the aftermath of War... That missed before he lost the ship was sunk east of the of! Command of Otto Friedrich Kretschmer and his crew were landed in Liverpool weather out! Navy was a proper officer and obeyed his orders he lost the ship following benefits the Iron with. Disclosed the capture of Kretschmer to the following benefits the photo above right of Kretschmer to the Cage. The most successful U-boat commander in World War I the Kretschmer March command... Offered and made no elaborate plans for attacking convoys rare fine art prints the conning. The 2nd officers training course at Warnemnde ( 510 March 1934 ) the renaming of the stormy night Schnee. Kretschmer, `` his political views were less extremely Nazi than had been assumed all was! Developed his own watch officer, and only surrendered when the guards brought in water! That everything was going well brother of Cecilie Hulda Kretschmer ; Bertha Bianca Kretschmer and U-23 had departed from on... Once the attack was conducted with no warning, and only surrendered when the guards in.

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