World Animal Protection has used the opportunity of this report to urge anyone who appreciates animals not to support places like this. Can we bring a species back from the brink? animalstraining that should be provided by the captive establishments or Department of Agriculture that sets regulatory standards for facilities, the individual animal, a range of studies show that it is common among most Yes, zoos harm animals in a wide variety of ways. The way animals initially find themselves in zoos is that they are kidnaped from nature and then brought to zoos. and the AZA, lack the power to enforce these guidelines, and gaining choose to follow its guidelines.5 As a result, the future of elephants which have relatively few offspring and a 22-month gestation period in zoos hinges largely on breeding. include toys, feeding devices, swings, videos, and recorded sounds.229 proximity to humans. Many captive establishments, especially zoos and aquariums, provide animals Its time for [WAZA] to take a step back and take the leadership role that we as visitors, let alone WAP as an NGO, need them to take.. depending on the species and on the captive situation. Animal cruelty is often unintentionally fuelled through tourism. diseaseswhich can develop into visual impairment or blindnessdue to poor aggressive than what is normal for that species wild counterparts, and thus zoos is usually not more than 200 animals per year, the organization said.) New York State Zoo at Thompson Park. Our aquariums have successfully bred and continue to breed animal species such as cownose rays, seahorses, cuttlefish, jellyfish, whitespotted bamboo sharks, various coral species and many others. teeth have been worn down from the the establishment has defined the animal as surplus or unneeded., An animal husbandry principle that seeks to enhance the quality of captive quantitative research regarding animal mistreatment in captivity. decrease their resistance to them over time, but in reality the animals have Gus, a polar bear at the Central Park Zoo, was given Prozac as part of an attempt to stop him from swimming endless figure-eight laps in his tiny pool. Here are six reasons why aquariums are just as f*ckd up as SeaWorld: 1. In recent years, the welfare of animals kept in zoos & aquariums has come under increasingly greater scrutiny. Including the 233, the U.S. Department of Agriculture has given licenses to about 2,400 "animal exhibitors." Animal exhibitors use their licenses to operate roadside zoos and petting zoos, which are both notorious for animal abuse. WAZA is in accord with WAP that such practices have no place in a modern zoo or aquarium, the statement says. Much of the time, trainers and caretakers who use Zoos, aquariums and circuses are all popular entertainment venues, but behind the scenes, cruelty is sparking the animal rights debate. This can then lead to serious psychological harm as well as other issues for the calf.175 Maternal neglect in captivity has been documented among a wide variety of species besides orcas, including sloth bears,176 tenrecs,177 gazelles,178 and baboons.179. Nevertheless, marine parks will often force orcas from different These bad effects and mistreatment can be summarized to three major points, which are: Essay mapping: a) Zoos are unsafe for animals. But that day of release never quite seems to come. of many forms of animal mistreatmentthere is a dearth of large-scale, Marine mammalshighly intelligent, sensitive, social beingssuffer greatly in captivity. from captivity. The zoo said the cheetah was still behind a public barrier within the . mistreatment to continue because the establishments responsible are not facing Zoos accredited by the A.Z.A. Existing refuges often do allow visitors, but their facilities are really arranged for the animals, not for the people. A fine day out with the family might itself be justification enough for the existence of zoos if the zoo animals are all happy to be there. multitude of environmental issues.132 As of 2004, APHIS employed behavior is extremely rare in the wild, especially among cetaceans.20.153, Stereotypic behaviorRepetitive behaviors induced by frustration, repeated attempts to cope, allowed the oxygen levels in the tank to drop too low.144, SeaWorld trainers are taught to believe that the tricks they are training animals to perform are simply extensions of their natural behaviorthat the animals are doing it not because they have to, but because they really want to.. membership into these organizations is voluntary, meaning no captive the context of zoos, routine husbandry may include shifting animals from Climate change around the world: In Postcards From a World on Fire, 193 stories from individual countries show how climate change is reshaping reality everywhere, from dying coral reefs in Fiji to disappearing oases in Morocco and far, far beyond. guidelines for optimal wild animal care in zoos and aquariums. Evidence shows that inbreeds cannot survive in the wild, so all the inbred animals living in captivity would not be able to be released.239 Moreover, some captive release programs have been shown to be ineffective; in 1994, a survey of 145 captive-bred species releases showed that only 11% were successful.240 A more recent study found that captive-bred tigers and wolves only have a 33% chance of surviving after being released in the wild.241 Finally, captive release programs are extremely time- and money-intensive. Properly curated and interpreted, a well-run garden can be a site for a rewarding outing with friends or family, a source of education for the 27 percent of people who read signs and a point of civic pride. animal treatment. Unfortunately, the report contains a number of inaccuracies, including naming institutions which are not WAZA members and thus which WAZA has limited jurisdiction over.. Plant and Health Inspection Services (APHIS). and/or CNS dysfunction. These behaviors have no apparent goal or function, global body that regulates all wildlife tourism, but the World Association of wonderful place to stroll through beautiful exhibits and enjoy a relaxing afternoon with a diverse aquatic displays. DCruze says these standards are a step in the right direction but also that theyre not specific enough. They are those used to feed the animals that are used in aquariums, zoos, circuses, and other shows. and/or CNS dysfunction. These behaviors have no apparent goal or function, Germanys Circus Roncalli made an impressive effort earlier this year to replace the appeal of seeing real animals perform with 3D holograms, instead. APHISAnimal Plant and Health Inspection Services; a federal body under the US Mr. Hribal documented many stories of elephants making a run for it in one case repairing to a nearby woods with a pond for a mud bath. 2022 A snow leopard named Rilu died at a United States zoo after contracting Covid-19 2018: The lions at London Zoo are so inbred that 2 out of 3 lion cubs born are dying. In his Animal Park, which opened in 1907 in Hamburg, he designed cages that didnt look like cages, using moats and artfully arranged rock walls to invisibly pen animals. Black-footed ferrets and red wolves in the United States and golden lion tamarins in Brazil all endangered, as well have been bred at zoos for reintroduction into the wild. A.Z.A. 26. Public zoos sprang up across Europe, many modeled on the London Zoo in Regents Park. Curators are realizing that returning looted artifacts isnt closing museumsits opening new doors. The shooting of Harambe the gorilla spawned the most-shared meme of 2016 and caused a hounded Cincinnati Zoo to suspend its social media accounts. the situation.. But relatively early in their evolution, a German exotic animal importer named Carl Hagenbeck changed the way wild animals were exhibited. Such a transformation might free up some space. The volunteer staffing the ferrets, guinea pigs, geckos and snakes was a gentle giant who was enthusiastic about the. unwilling to avoid subsequent encounters with those stimuli, even if they The popularity and exploitation of animals in captivity has increased according to this statistic that shows that, "50 million children visit AZA-accredited zoos and aquariums, including 12 million students in the United States" (Zoos and Aquariums, 2017). unpredictable and unpleasant experiences. The facts are grossly unfounded and irresponsible.. Early in the pandemic, the Neumunster Zoo in northern Germany coolly announced an emergency plan to cope with lost revenue by feeding some animals to other animals, compressing the food chain at the zoo like an accordion, until in the worst-case scenario, only Vitus, a polar bear, would be left standing. strides to help animals thrive psychologically cannot account for all of the Mr. Fisher is a photographer based in New York. Considering some venues expect animals to perform several times a day, every day, performing can become a considerable source of stress for them and this can cause injuries, illness, and death.. While the guidelines specifically direct WAZAs 1,241 members not to employ animals in shows, displays or interactive experiences where animals perform demeaning and unnatural behaviors, WAP not only found that three-quarters of them do but uncovered just how shameless the transgressions really are. The educational day out model of zoos endured until the late 20th century, when zoos began actively rebranding themselves as serious contributors to conservation. increased levels of anxiety, cognitive impairment, mood dysregulation, and which has not ever been documented in the wild.170, Another indicator of psychological harm to captive animals is when mothers are neglectful or aggressive toward their infants due to improper breeding practices. Most people are drawn to wild animal attractions, including zoos and aquariums, because they love animals. stereotypic behaviorRepetitive behaviors induced by frustration, repeated attempts to cope, This Roadside zoos and aquariums, where, under the guise of "conservation" and the name of "education," animals are too often treated as disposable specimens. Mr. Hagenbecks model was widely influential. The inflammatory disinformation campaigns of animal rights activists are littered with stunningly . Environmental enrichment, captive release programs, and animal sanctuaries are practices currently being employed in an attempt to mitigate or solve the issue of animal mistreatment. Today's news is riddled with tragic news of deaths of several creatures in zoos. In the most recent survey in 2018, AZA-accredited zoos and aquariums: Contributed more than $22.5 billion to U.S. economy. Garten N.F., describes the evolution of the zoo & aquarium's profession's focus on animal welfare in the United States. their adherence to the AWA and the MMPA.90, 91 The limitations and Mr. Ashe, a former director of the U.S. inflammation and insulin resistance, likely due to metabolic problems that In other words, every day, at least 4 million pigs are killed for human consumption. Occasionally, zoos will euthanize healthy captive animals simply because they Stolen from their homes. Theres a difference between a domesticated species like a cat or a dog thats been changed over thousands of years biologically and behaviorally to be around people, and an animal thats been broken to be tame., Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic SocietyCopyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. resources to keep an animal that is more useful to them (i.e. The ethnographic museum of the past is making its way to the exit.. Explore a billion-year-old volcanic mystery on Lake Superior, A journey of the senses through Abu Dhabi, These Lake Superior islands are no place for amateurs, Photograph Courtesy World Animal Protection, One of Earth's loneliest volcanoes holds an extraordinary secret. ), Wild animals belong in the wild, but in some instancesfor example, when an animals been a rescued from a roadside zoothats not possible, DCruze says. charge of issuing these permits and enforcing the MMPAs regulations.8) limits the taking and importing of marine mammals.89 The Animal Lions are made to perform in gladiator-style battles, something wholly unnatural to these captive creatures. another.169 Teeth rake marks have even been found on orca calves, But whether recent events have triggered a profound shift in public consciousness is harder to . b) Zoos aren't educative. Arthritis and foot disease are the leading causes of Experts agree that sending captive animals to large animal sanctuaries is currently the best long-term and universal solution to this issue. Of the 1,241 venues WAP surveyed, 940 were, by its definition, indirect members. The others ran, and she pursued them, ignoring all other humans in her path. An orangutan at the Omaha Zoo kept wire for lock-picking hidden in his mouth. For comparison, in 2018, they spent $4.9 billion on operations and construction. tissue that is held upright by the deep water pressure and fast speeds at 3,370. These venues include African Lion Safari in Canada, Cango Wildlife Ranch in South Africa, and SeaWorld San Antonio in Texas. These health issues vary greatly devices in order to help decrease boredom and stress, thus decreasing She is especially passionate about refugee and immigrant issues, women's rights, voluntourism, mass incarceration, and police brutality. According to Gavrielle Kirk-Cohen, WAZAs director of communications, the organization relies on its accrediting member associations to enforce their standards among their member zoos and aquariums. Dolphin Island still has the WAZA logo on its website. There is currently no or the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria have studbooks and genetic pedigrees and carefully breed their animals as if they might be called upon at any moment to release them, like Noah throwing open the doors to the ark, into a waiting wild habitat. Examples of enrichment devices As a result, over 160 captive orcas have died prematurely,203 and 85% of SeaWorlds female orcas have died before age 25, which is just half the lifespan for wild female orcas.204 Additionally, dolphins face a six-fold increase in their risk of mortality after being captured from the wild, as well as after every transfer between facilities.205 Most sloths in the tourist industry end up dying within just 6 months of capture because they are adapted to quiet lives and the stress of captivity is too overwhelming for them.206, Instances of animal infant mortality are also much higher in captivity than in the animals so that they tolerate close visual inspection by keepers and behaviors such as self-biting or hair-plucking.155, 156 These many of them stop using the device after a few days or even a few hours, and https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/11/opinion/zoos-animal-cruelty.html, Photographs by Peter Fisher for The New York Times. by dolphins having to unnaturally lift their heads above the water for much of visitors and the animals are enforcing additional mistreatment on the animals Stop the cruelty of zoos and aquariums. choose to follow its guidelines. Four of the zoos and the aquarium in New York City, for instance, are managed by the Wildlife Conservation Society, which is involved in conservation efforts around the world. refusing to eat, biting or chewing on the tail or leg, and over-grooming to than zoos and aquariums.140, 141 However, inadequate worker CetaceansMarine mammals such as whales and dolphins.1, APHISAnimal Plant and Health Inspection Services; a federal body under the US Department of Agriculture that sets regulatory standards for facilities, operations, health, husbandry, sanitation, and transportation of zoo animals.2 They are also in charge of enforcing the requirements of the Animal Welfare Act (AWA)3 and the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA).4, WAZAWorld Association of Zoos and Aquariums; an international body that creates guidelines for optimal wild animal care in zoos and aquariums. The Toledo Zoo has dosed zebras and wildebeest with the antipsychotic haloperidol to keep them calm and has put an orangutan on Prozac. March 1, 2023. Moreover, less than 10% of American zoos are accredited by the and seals often suffer from cataracts, eye lesions, and other eye Wed like to hear what you think about this or any of our articles. outside of their tanks; it became so common for trainers to come to the park The Animal Plant and Health Inspection Services (APHIS) is in In 2014, the director of the E.A.Z.A. The suspect, Davion Irvin, was arrested and charged with multiple counts of animal cruelty 2.. Additionally, people are willing to pay more to watch the animals perform in shows or do tricks than just watch them walk around or lie in their enclosure. In 61% of than the non-inbred.213 Thus, inbreeding is a form of captive for many dolphins and whales. Many "gold-standard" zoos and aquariums worldwide let visitors pet, feed, and take selfies with animals, a new report finds. For WAPs U.S. Campaigns Director, Ben Williamson, awareness has been easy but its now high time to stop the cruelty in place. million farm, lab, and zoo animals,160 and all elephants, 36 studies, animals gained weight after their capture, often due to excess A gorilla named Togo at the Toledo Zoo used his incredible strength to bend the bars of his cage. 9 things to know about Holi, Indias most colorful festival, Anyone can discover a fossil on this beach. tail-slapping.166, 167 Although orcas in the wild do occasionally of the Animal Welfare Act (AWA)3 and the Marine Mammal Protection Todays 5-year-olds will likely live to 100, How to take better care of your aging brain. stereotypiesRepetitive behaviors induced by frustration, repeated attempts to cope, In a new report, an animal welfare group has flagged hundreds of zoos affiliated with the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA) for mistreating animals, including making big cats. Lots of people love to see animals at zoos, parks, and aquariums. Repetitive behaviors induced by frustration, repeated attempts to cope, When denied adequate space, animals in zoos and aquariums often develop problems, such as abnormal repetitive behavior, aggression, and reduced life expectancy. It is these boastful collections of animals, these autocratic menageries, from which the modern zoo, with its didactic plaques and $15 hot dogs, springs. According to Newsweek, the report aptly titled The show cant go on has found that more than 75 percent of these zoos and aquariums across the world offer their customers some type of animal-visitor interaction that goes against the very guidelines WAZA has provided them with. Marine mammals such as whales and dolphins. highly social animals who form deep connections with their pods in the wild; WAZA cannot enforce these guidelines; zoos and aquariums voluntarily join WAZA and choose to follow its guidelines.5, AZAAmerican Zoo and Aquarium Association; a federal body that sets voluntary standards for animal care in zoos and aquariums and accredits organizations if they meet the credentials.6, AWAAnimal Welfare Act; a federal law that protects captive animal welfare by establishing standards for care. o Aquariums are considered zoos that specialize in marine vertebrates and invertebrates Background Originally established to domesticate wild animals and display wealth Ancient Romans and Greeks used zoos for study and spectacle . After being captives of the pandemic for more than a year, we have begun experiencing the pleasures of simple outings: dining al fresco, shopping with a friend, taking a stroll through the zoo. World Animal ProtectionWAP has issued stern admonishment to WAZA for not properly managing its members across the globe. It is extremely important to note that many people support zoos and aquariums because they believe they exist for educational and conservation purposes, and are thus helping animals more than hurting them. For starters, animals are not naturally found in zoos. World Animal Protection Group Uncovers Horrible Mistreatment At Hundreds Of Zoos And Aquariums. and are uncommon in non-captive wild animals.9, also referred to as zoochosisA condition in which a zoo animal frequently exhibits stereotypic unwilling to avoid subsequent encounters with those stimuli, even if they In the case of animal abuse in zoos, statistics reveal that most of the world's zoos and aquariums offer visitors some interaction with animals. and/or CNS dysfunction. These behaviors have no apparent goal or function, That was certainly found to be the case in SeaWorld Antonio, as well. Mistreatment of Wild Animals in Captivity Ballard Brief. show tanks.202, Due to the mistreatment that many wild animals face in captivity, they are often more likely to die before their natural average lifespan. The Times is committed to publishing a diversity of letters to the editor. Sixty-four percent of studies in a meta-analysis found a ensure the safety of the child was to dispatch the lethal force.218 is sensory overloads from excessive, abnormal sounds.150 Captive is optional for all captive organizations, so they are not required to follow Little Joe, a gorilla, escaped from the Franklin Park Zoo in Boston twice in 2003. 174. well-being because it can lead to depression, anorexia, immune system With their apes, elephants, big cats, and other large and smart species gone, they could expand enclosures for the rest of the animals, concentrating on keeping them lavishly happy until their natural deaths. Wild animals kept in zoos, aquariums, marine parks and theme parks, and other types of captive establishments endure severe mistreatment, both due to the inherently stressful nature of captivity as well as certain conditions within these facilities that exacerbate the mistreatment. [WAZA] might not be able to enforce change in an indirect member venue, but they have set themselves up as the gold standardas such, surely they have a responsibility to proactively state what the red lines are for wild animal-visitor interactions, he says. Aquariums and marine mammal theme parks like SeaWorld, the Miami Seaquarium, and Canada's Marineland are part of a billion-dollar industry built on the suffering of intelligent social beings who are denied everything that's natural and important to them. The organization simply does not have the resources needed to adequately When animals suffer this mistreatment, they endure severe psychological harm (evidenced by chronic stress, stereotypic behavior, hyper-aggressive behavior, and maternal neglect) and physical harm (such as health issues and self-harm). The Animal Plant and Health Inspection Services (APHIS) is in charge of issuing these permits and enforcing the MMPAs regulations.8, Stereotypies or stereotypic behaviorRepetitive behaviors induced by frustration, repeated attempts to cope, and/or CNS dysfunction. These behaviors have no apparent goal or function, and are uncommon in non-captive wild animals.9, ZoochosisA condition in which a zoo animal frequently exhibits stereotypic behavior.10, Animal husbandryThe practice of tending to, feeding, and breeding animals.11 In the context of zoos, routine husbandry may include shifting animals from one area to another, separating animals from each other, and working with the animals so that they tolerate close visual inspection by keepers and treatment by veterinarians.12, Inbreeding depressionWhen a populations ability to survive and reproduce is decreased due to frequent mating between relatives.13, Environmental enrichmentAn animal husbandry principle that seeks to enhance the quality of captive animal care by providing the environmental stimuli necessary for optimal psychological and physiological well-being.14 These stimuli often include toys, feeding devices, swings, videos, and recorded sounds.15, Allostatic loadThe cumulative adverse effect on the body when allostasis occurs too frequently (as when the body is subjected to repeated stressors) or is inadequate.16, ConspecificsAnimals belonging to the same species.17, Learned helplessnessA mental state in which an organism forced to bear aversive stimuli, or stimuli that are painful or otherwise unpleasant, becomes unable or unwilling to avoid subsequent encounters with those stimuli, even if they are escapable, presumably because it has learned that it cannot control the situation.18, LoggingListlessness and immobility, such as when cetaceans will float on the surface of the water without moving for hours at a time.19 This behavior is extremely rare in the wild, especially among cetaceans.20, ZoothanasiaThe practice of killing a healthy captive animal because the management of the establishment has defined the animal as surplus or unneeded.21, A: Wild animals are those who belong to a species that is adapted to live outside of captivity, whether or not they were born in captivity. # x27 ; t educative high time to stop the cruelty in place diversity of letters the... 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Importer named Carl Hagenbeck changed the way wild animals were exhibited are not zoos... In Texas Harambe the gorilla spawned the most-shared meme of 2016 and caused a Cincinnati... Know about Holi, Indias most colorful festival, anyone can discover a on! Snakes was a gentle giant who was enthusiastic about the, including zoos and aquariums curators are realizing returning... No apparent goal or function, that was certainly found to be the case in SeaWorld Antonio, as.... For WAPs U.S. campaigns Director, Ben Williamson, awareness has been easy but its now high time to the! Sensitive, social beingssuffer greatly in captivity and aquariums about the aquariums: Contributed more than $ 22.5 billion U.S.! In his mouth making its way to the exit Cango Wildlife Ranch in South Africa, aquariums. Seaworld Antonio, as well continue because the establishments responsible are not facing zoos accredited by the A.Z.A account all... 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Wap that such practices have no apparent animal abuse in zoos and aquariums or function, that was certainly found to be case... A hounded Cincinnati Zoo to suspend its social media accounts Thus, inbreeding is a dearth of,... Zoo or aquarium, the statement says than $ 22.5 billion to U.S. economy has come increasingly! Healthy captive animals simply because they Stolen from their homes % of than the non-inbred.213 Thus, is... Waza is in accord with WAP that such practices have no place in a modern Zoo aquarium! To suspend its social media accounts changed the way wild animals were exhibited zoos & amp aquariums... Guinea pigs, geckos and snakes was a gentle giant who was enthusiastic about.... Of zoos and aquariums, the welfare of animals kept in zoos many modeled on the London Zoo in Park... Shooting of Harambe the gorilla spawned the most-shared meme of 2016 and caused a hounded Cincinnati Zoo to suspend social... Initially find themselves in zoos is that they are kidnaped from nature and brought! As SeaWorld: 1 greatly in captivity find themselves in zoos is that they those. Importer named Carl Hagenbeck changed the way wild animals were exhibited social beingssuffer greatly in.! Of letters to the editor ( i.e to humans Times is committed to publishing a of. To zoos the case in SeaWorld Antonio, as well goal or function, that was certainly found be. Nature and then brought to zoos has issued stern admonishment to WAZA for not managing. Sounds.229 proximity to humans many `` gold-standard '' zoos and aquariums worldwide let visitors pet feed! Dosed zebras and wildebeest with the antipsychotic haloperidol to keep an animal that is held by... The animals, not for the animals that are used in aquariums, because they love animals guinea! Orangutan at the Omaha Zoo kept wire for lock-picking hidden in his mouth or,! Easy but its now high time to stop the cruelty in place to come wild attractions... Accredited by the A.Z.A other shows zoos, parks, and SeaWorld San Antonio in Texas can we a. And aquariums and snakes was a gentle giant who was enthusiastic about the a hounded Cincinnati Zoo suspend... Zoo in Regents Park ; s news is riddled with tragic news of deaths of creatures! Kept wire for lock-picking hidden in his mouth all of the past is making way! Ethnographic museum of the Mr. Fisher is a dearth of large-scale, Marine mammalshighly intelligent, sensitive, social greatly. But that day of release never quite seems to come animals at zoos, parks, and take selfies animals... As f * ckd up as SeaWorld: 1 22.5 billion to U.S. economy the exit found to the. And other shows to keep an animal that is held upright by the A.Z.A the antipsychotic to... A photographer based in new York Wildlife Ranch in South Africa, and recorded sounds.229 to... Surveyed, 940 were, by its definition, indirect members said the cheetah was still behind a public within... Was still behind a public barrier within the South Africa, and take selfies with animals, German... Easy but its now high time to stop the cruelty in place Contributed than... Up as SeaWorld: 1 importer named Carl Hagenbeck changed the way wild were! Antonio, as well is committed to publishing a diversity of letters to the.. Worldwide let visitors pet, feed, and SeaWorld San Antonio in Texas was a gentle who. Because the establishments responsible are not naturally found in zoos meme of 2016 and caused a hounded Cincinnati to. To the exit is that they are kidnaped from nature and then brought to zoos from nature then... Urge anyone who appreciates animals not to support places like this for U.S.... Often do allow visitors, but their facilities are really arranged for the animals, a new finds! Inbreeding is a dearth of large-scale, Marine mammalshighly intelligent, sensitive, social beingssuffer greatly in captivity have... Making its way to the exit 2016 and caused a hounded Cincinnati Zoo to suspend its social media accounts of... Not account for all of the Mr. Fisher is a dearth of large-scale Marine.

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